This volume analyzes the important structural changes and mobility that occurred in Hungary from the middle of the nineteenth to the end of the twentieth centuries. During the period extending to World War I, a capital market economy was established, accompanied by changes in occupational structure, hierarchy of status, and culture. During the period between the two world wars, the territory and the population of the country greatly diminished. After World War II, especially during the period of socialism, the political-led change of structure became determinant. All of these made possible the so-called "goulash communism," a change of life-style, from the sixties. From 1989 on, the return of market capitalism has shaped the economic structure.